一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般将来时am/is/aretaken am/is/arebeing taken have/has been taken will/shall be taken一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时was /weretaken was/werebeing taken had been taken would/shouldbe taken 从上表中可以看出，被动语态的各种时态变化都是通过助动词“be”的各种时态来表示的，因此只要知道“be”的时态形式，也就掌握了被动语态构成。下面是被动语态各种时态的例句：e.g. You are wanted on the phone . 有你的电话。（一般现在时） The railway was built in 1998. 这条铁路建于1998 年。（一般过去时） A new railway is being built in this city. 这个城市正在修建一条新的铁路。（现在进行时） The railway was being built this time last year.去年这个时候这条铁路正在修建。（过去进行时） The new railway has already been built.新铁路已经建成了。（现在完成时） The new railway had been built by the end of last year.这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。（过去完成时） A new railway will be built in this city next year.这个城市明年将建一条新的铁路。（一般将来时） He told us that the new railway would be built the next year.他告诉我们新铁路将于第二年建成。（过去将来时）第二节 被动语态的各种句型1.单宾语结构。 e.g. Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.我们英语老师经常用录音机教英语。（主动语态） A tape-recorder is often used (by our English teacher) in teaching English.录音机经常用来教英语。2．双宾语结构 这种结构可有两种被动语态句型，即分别用间接宾
搜趣网语和直接宾语作主语。e.g. The villagers gave the foreign guests warm welcome.（主动语态）The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.（被动1）A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.（被动2）3。复合宾语结构 这种结构只能将主动语态的宾语改作被动语态的主语。 e.g. They heard someone singing i
www.souquanme.comn the next room.(主动) Someone was heard singing in the next room. (被动)4. 含情态动词的被动结构 含情态动词的
句子其被动语态形式是“情态动词+ be+过去分词”。 e.g. The trees should be watered every day. 这些树应每天浇水。 This word can be pronounced in two ways. 这个单词可以有两种发音。5．短语动词结构 相当于及物动词的短语动词也可以有被动语态，如 look after, give up , take care of , pay attention to , make use of , put off, wake up , put out 等。e.g. The children must be taken good care of .这些孩子必须得到好的照顾。The big fire has been put out . 大火已被扑灭。特别提醒A． 只有及物动词和及物短语动词才可以有被动语态不及物动词，不及物短语动词或系动词都不可以有被动语态，如happen, go on , take place , belong to , sound, feel等。e.g. This room belongs to me. .这房子属于我。不可以说：This room is belonged to me .e.g. This music sounds sweet.这音乐听起来很悦耳。不可以说：This music is sounded sweet.B.被动语态只有在强调动作的承受者或不知道动作的执行者时才使用。e.g. This sock is made of silk.这袜子是丝的。（不知道动作的执行者是谁。）English is required in many schools of our country.在我们国家许多学校要求开设英语课。（强调动作的承受者English.）C. 千万不能按中文意思死搬硬套，如句子“你的信我已经收到了。”不能说：Your letter has been received by me .只能说：I have received your letter.D. 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 1。找出主动语态的宾语，作为被动语态的主语；2。将谓语动词有主动形式变为被动形式；3。有无必要用 by 短语。4。注意被动语态的句式，时态必须主动语态一致。e.g. Have you found your lost book? 你找到你丢的书了吗？（一般问句，现在完成时） Has your lost book been found?你丢的书找到没有？（一般问句，现在完成时）E. 有些动词常用主动形式表示被动意义，如动词act, cook, keep , look , open , write, read, sell , wash 等，这时句子的主语通常是没有生命的。e.g. This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 meters wide. 这个大厅长100米，宽60 米。 This pen sells well in that country. 这种笔在那个国家很好销。F. 在一些固句型中常用被动语态结构，如：It is said that … 据说……，人们说…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is hoped that … 人们希望…… It is well known that… 众所周知…… It is believed that…人们相信…… It must be admitted that…必须承认…… It must be pointed that…必须指出的是……
1.一般现在时 现在的事或者既成事实 1) He goes to school at seven o’clock everyday. 2) The sun rises in the east. 2.一般过去时 过去的事 1) he was born in 1989. 2) I used to play football when I was young. 3.一般将来时 表示打算啊，现在的推测之类的 1) We will visit the science museum next week. 2) We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow. 4.现在进行时 现在正在发生的事或动作 1) The boy is playing video games. 2) His father is writing a novel these days. 5.现在完成时 过去发生并持续到现在或对现在有影响 1) Great changes have taken place in China since 1980. 2) I have finished my task. 6.过去进行时 过去正在发生的事，一般有一个明确的过去的时间点 1) He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 2) When I came in, they were having supper. 7.过去完成时 过去的过去发生的事对过去有影响 1) He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 2) When I came in, they were having supper8.过去将来时 过去的推测，打算之类的 1) He said that he would study harder than before. 2) He didn’t tell me when he would go.解析这类题的顺序是，先看时态，再看语态，最后选择
1、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
标志性时间状语：
Always(总是), usually(通常), often(经常), sometimes(有时候), every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays ……
基本结构：当主语是第三人称单数时 当主语不是第三人称单数时；
肯定句 主语+动词单三+其他 肯定句主语+动词原形+其他；
否定句 主语+doesn’t+动词原形+其他 否定句主语+don’t+动词原形+其他；
一般疑问句 Does+主语+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其他；
肯定回答 Yes，主语+does 肯定回答 Yes，主语+do；
否定回答 No，主语+doesn’t 否定回答 No，主语+don’t；
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词（when,where,who,how ,etc.）+一般疑问句
例句： I never get up early on Sundays.
2、一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
标志性时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time……
基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；
否定形式did+not+do+其他;
一般疑问句did+主语+do+其他？
例句： I went to Italy .I visited museums and sat in public gardens
3、现在进行时：
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
标志性时间状语：now, at this time(在这一刻), these days……
基本结构：am/is/are+doing；
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing；
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
例句：He is practicing his guitar.他正在练习他的吉他。
4、过去进行时：
概念：（1）表示过去某段//www.souquanme.com时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
（2）表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生了。
标志性时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time（在那一刻）或以when、while引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构：was/were+doing；
否定形式：was/were + not + doing；
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
While与when
(1)用while连接（while只接doing）
例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持续动作时态一致)
(2）when表示（when可以接doing或did，when后动作时间长，用doiwww.souquanme.comng，时间短，用did）
例：I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(间接表达了具体时间)。
例句： I was having breakfast when the telephone rang。
5、现在完成时：
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
标志性时间状语：recently, lately, since(自从)…,for（长达）…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)；
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他；
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）？
例句： I have just received a letter from my brother.
6、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某时间为标准，在此前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
标志性时间状语： after，when, as soon as(一...就...), until, before, by the end of（到…为止） last year(term, month…)……
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)；
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他；
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他；
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答：Yes,主语+had。
否定回答：No,主语+had not .
例句： The children ran away after they had broken the window.
As soon as the sun had set we returned to our hotel.
I had not understood the problem until he explain//www.souquanme.comed it .
7、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
标志性时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow……
基本结构：
①am/is/are/going to + do；
②will/shall + do.
否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn’t，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。
例句： I will meet him at the harbour early in the morning.
注：将来进行时will be doing 将来某时刻正在进行。
(用将来进行时提问更加客气，礼貌。能用will be doing 都能换成will do 表达。但语气、含义稍有不同)
例句： Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the workers’ Club.
8、过去将来时：
概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
标志性时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构：
①was/were/going to + do；
②would/should + do.
否定形式：
①was/were/not + going to + do;
②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句：
①was或were放于句首；
②would/should 提到句首。
一般过去将来时常用在间接引语中。
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（when,where,who,how ,etc.）+一般疑问句。
例句：She said that Mr.Jones would see you now.他说过琼斯先生现在要见你。
