by1 [bai]
prep.
1. [表搜趣网示空间关系]靠近，在…附近，在…旁边：例句: to stand by the wall
站在墙边a house by a river
河畔的房子2. 在…身边；在…手头：例句: I have got some money by me.
我身边有些钱。3. [表示时间关系]在…期间，在(白天、夜晚)的时候：例句: to travel by night
在夜间旅行to work by day
在白天工作在固定的时间内：例句: to work by the hour
按钟点工作不迟于；到…时(为止)，到(某时)之前：例句: Be back by ten o'clock.
10点以前回来。We usually finish work by six o'clock.
我们通常在6点钟之前完成工作。在…环境下，以…为伴：例句: Jack and Mary walked by moonlight.
杰克和玛丽在月光下散步。4. [表示运动的方向]：沿，沿着，经由，经过；取道：例句: to New Jersey by the Holland Tunnel
经霍兰隧道去新泽西州经过…旁边，从…旁边(过去)；通过：例句: to march by the reviewing stand
在观礼台旁列队通过They went by the church.
他们从教堂旁边走过。方向偏于，向，朝：例句: north by west
北偏西to sail NE by N
向东北偏北方向航行5. [表示努力的方向，表示关系]对，对于，对待：例句: to do well by a friend
待朋友好She did well by her child.
她待孩子好。6. [表示方法、方式、手段或媒介，表示行为者是谁或起作用的事物是什么]靠，用，通过，被，由：例句: I know her by sight.
我与她只是面熟(并不熟识)。gained by fraud
靠欺诈得到7. [表示方式、式样]根据，按，照，依照，遵奉：例句: to go by the book
照书本行事That is a bad book by any standards.
不论根据什么标准，那都是一部坏书。[表示反复或连续](一个)又(一个)，(一个)接着(一个)，逐一，连续：例句: marching two by two
两个两个地行进little by little
一点点地逐渐地，渐次：例句: to grow dark by degrees
渐渐地变暗8. [表示允许、许可、同意、批准]蒙…的许可；认可，批准：例句: by your leave
请允许我；对不起9. [用作虚词表示尺寸、长度、面积]到…地步，到…程度：例句: apples by the pack
大量的苹果a room 12 feet by 14 feet
一个宽12英尺长14英尺的房间(尺寸、面积)乘：例句: two by four 2
乘4用(所给数)作乘或除：例句: multiply 10 by 4
用4乘以10devide a by b
用b除a10. [表示传递、交通等的方式]例句: He arrived by air.
他坐飞机到达了。They went by ship.
他们坐船去。11. [表示原因]由于，因：例句: They won the game by forfeit.
他们因怕受罚而赢得了那场比赛。I met her by chance.
我偶然碰到她。12. 按…计算：例句: I am paid by the month.
我按月领工资Grains are sold by the bushel.
谷物论蒲式耳出售。13. [表示程度、数量等]以…之差：例句: She's taller than her younger brother by two inches.
她比她小弟高两英寸。The new boat is larger than the old one by a great deal.
新船比旧船大得多。14. 就(出生、职业、本性等)来说：例句: He was very generous by nature.
他生性慷慨大方。15. 由…所生：例句: Mary had a son by Harry.
玛丽给哈里生了一个儿子。16. (哺乳动物)以…为种畜，以…为父亲www.souquanme.com：例句: John II by John
约翰二世为约翰之子17. 以(神)的名义，凭，对(或当)着…(发誓)：例句: to swear by all that is sacred
当着一切神圣的东西发誓18. [主苏格兰英语]与…相比19. 到，来(串门，访问)：例句: Drop by my home this evening.
今晚到我家来谈谈。20. [美国口语]在…地方：例句: I'll give you a dinner by that restaurant.
我到那家餐馆去请你吃顿饭。21. [口语]依…之见，就…看来：例句: By her own account she was in New York at the time.
据她自己说，她当时在纽约。
adv.
1. 近在手边；在附近，在近旁2. (搁)在一边，(搁)开；存放，存起，存在一边3. 以往，过去4. 经过，通过5. [美国英语]在指定的(或不讲自明的)地方6. [美国口语]进(或到)别人家
adj.
1. 次要的，副的；从属的，附带的2. 位于一边的；不搜趣网在干道上的；旁边的，偏的
n.
1. 附带的东西；枝节问题；余物；副产品；次要的东西；小事2. 【板球】漏击得分3. (体育淘汰赛中抽签)轮空4. 【高尔夫球】(因一方已赢而不再打的)余穴 (= bye1)
短语
1. by and by
a. 不久以后，不久，不一会儿
b. 迟早，终究，终于
c. [废语]马上，立刻2. by and large
a. [美国英语]总的来说，一般地说，从各方面来看；大体上，基本上；全面地
b. 【航海学】无论吃风不吃风(指即使风向稍偏，帆船照样能行驶)，既用掉抢又用顺风帆3. by oneself
a. 单独，独自地
b. 独立地，全靠自己地，无他人帮助地4. by the by (或 bye)附带地，顺便地；顺便说(或问)一下，顺便提一句；且说，另外(用以提出一个新的话题，或提起一件已经忘记的事)
by2 [bai]
interj.再见 (= bye)
b.y.,BY
abbr.billion years 十亿年

I took your umbrella by mistake.
我错把你的雨伞拿走了。
Time goes by,I am growing up.
随着时间的流逝，我长大了。
By the way, do you live with your parents or have a place of your own?
顺便问一句, 你是同父母一起生活还是自己生活?
I go to school by bike.
我骑自行车上学.

坐汽车 by car
坐飞机 by plane
坐公共汽车 by bus
坐火车 by train
骑自行车 by bike
骑摩托车 by motorcycle
坐船 by ship
坐宇宙飞船 by spaceship
坐地铁 by subway
坐出租车 by taxi

1）表示以一般的方法或方式。如：
No one in those days could live by writing poems.
（2）表示传达、传递的方式或煤介。如：
How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?
（3）表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数，不加冠词。如：
He came by train, but his wife came by bus.
注意下面两句的区别：
Did you come by trai//www.souquanme.comn?
Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名词”构成的词组有：by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。
1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
将来完成时的构成
将来完成时的构成是由"shall/will + have +过去分词"构成的。
Before long he will have forgott搜趣网en all about the matter.
不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。
He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates.
他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。
Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month?
到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？
将来完成时的用法
①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。